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Reference

The people, the organizations, and a plain-English glossary.

The organizations, unions, job fairs and services worth knowing, plus the vocabulary you will hear from your first lesson to the flight deck. The FAA handbooks and ACS documents themselves, all free, are listed with links on the study page.

Data last verified September 27, 2026 · labeled by section, sources in each section · how we verify
Industry resources
Industry data

Your community in the cockpit.

The aviation industry runs on relationships. Here's every organization, union, job fair, and resume service worth knowing — in one place.

WAIDiversity

Women in Aviation International

The largest professional organization for women across all sectors of aviation. Scholarships, mentorship, and the annual conference are flagship offerings.

Members15,000+Founded1990
OBAPDiversity

Organization of Black Aerospace Professionals

Mentorship, scholarships, and the ACE Academy youth program. Annual conference is one of the top recruiting events for major airlines.

Members4,000+Founded1976
LPADiversity

Latino Professionals in Aerospace

Formerly the Latino Pilots Association. Mentorship and scholarship opportunities for Hispanic and Latino pilots and aerospace professionals, with strong airline partnerships.

Founded2015Type501(c)(3)
NGPADiversity

National Gay Pilots Association

LGBTQ+ aviation community with scholarships, an industry expo, and the annual Winter Warm-Up gathering. Active mentor network.

Members3,500+Founded1990
PPOTMentorship

Professional Pilots of Tomorrow

Peer-to-peer mentorship matching student pilots and regional FOs with mentors at major airlines. Free to join.

Active members3,000+Founded2016
AOPAAdvocacy

Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association

The largest general aviation advocacy group. Legal services plan, flight planning tools, medical guidance, and student member benefits.

Members300,000+Founded1939
EAAAdvocacy

Experimental Aircraft Association

Best known for AirVenture Oshkosh — the world's largest fly-in. Strong youth aviation programs (Young Eagles) and scholarships.

Members290,000+Founded1953
99sDiversity

The Ninety-Nines

International organization of women pilots, founded by Amelia Earhart and 98 other charter members. Strong scholarship program.

Members5,000+Founded1929
NBAACorporate

National Business Aviation Association

The industry voice for corporate and business aviation. Their annual convention (NBAA-BACE) is the top corporate pilot recruiting event.

Members11,000+Founded1947
BogiDopeMilitary

BogiDope

The definitive resource for military aviation. Run by current military pilots — AFOQT/ASTB prep, UPT survival, Guard/Reserve squadron mapping, application coaching, and the military-to-airline transition. If you're considering any military pilot path, start here.

TypeMil aviationCoverageAll branches
ALPAUnion

Air Line Pilots Association, Int'l

The largest pilot union in the world. Represents pilots at 42 US and Canadian airlines — including Delta, United, FedEx, JetBlue, and Frontier.

Members80,000+Founded1931
APAUnion

Allied Pilots Association

Independent union representing the pilots of American Airlines exclusively. Negotiates one of the most-watched contracts in the industry.

Members15,000+Founded1963
SWAPAUnion

Southwest Airlines Pilots Association

Independent union representing all Southwest Airlines pilots. One of the most cohesive pilot groups in the industry.

Members11,000+Founded1978
IBTUnion

Teamsters Airline Division

Represents pilots at several cargo and regional carriers including Atlas Air and Horizon Air, plus dispatchers and mechanics across the industry.

Total members1.3MFounded1903
IPAUnion

Independent Pilots Association

Represents UPS Airlines pilots exclusively. Negotiates contracts for one of the most senior cargo pilot groups in the world.

Members3,400+Founded1990
IAMUnion

International Association of Machinists

Represents flight attendants, mechanics, fleet, and ground personnel at multiple US carriers including United, Hawaiian, and Alaska.

Total members600,000+Founded1888
AFA-CWAUnion

Association of Flight Attendants

The largest flight attendant union, representing crew at United, Alaska, Frontier, and 16 other carriers. Strong advocacy presence.

Members50,000+Founded1945
APFAUnion

Association of Professional Flight Attendants

Independent union representing American Airlines flight attendants. Self-governing since 1977.

Members28,000+Founded1977
PAFCAUnion

Professional Airline Flight Control Association

Represents aircraft dispatchers — the "ground pilots" who legally share command authority with the captain on every Part 121 flight.

Members2,000+Founded1961

How to read this list: these are the recurring events where airline recruiters show up, with the month they usually fall in. Exact dates and cities change every year, so the link on each row goes to the organizer's page; book nothing from this list alone.

Marcheach year

WAI International Conference

City changes each year · wai.org for this year's dates
DeltaUnitedAmericanSouthwestJetBlueFedExUPSAlaska
Dates and tickets ↗
Augusteach year

OBAP Annual Conference & Career Expo

Location varies each year · obap.org
DeltaUnitedAmericanFedExUPSAtlasHawaiian
Dates and tickets ↗
Aprileach year

Sun 'n Fun Aerospace Expo

Lakeland, FL · KLAL
Regional recruitersSkyWestEndeavorRepublicEnvoy
Dates and tickets ↗
Late Julyeach year

EAA AirVenture Oshkosh

Oshkosh, WI · KOSH
All major US carriersFedExUPSNetJetsFlexjet
Dates and tickets ↗
Februaryeach year

NGPA Industry Expo

Palm Springs, CA · ngpa.org for this year's dates
UnitedDeltaAmericanSouthwestAlaska
Dates and tickets ↗
Octobereach year

NBAA Business Aviation Convention (BACE)

Location varies each year · nbaa.org
NetJetsFlexjetWheels UpJet AviationExecutive Jet Management
Dates and tickets ↗
Annualsee site

LPA (Latino Professionals in Aerospace) Annual Conference

Dates and city on lpa-aero.org
AmericanUnitedDeltaFrontierJetBlue
Dates and tickets ↗
Severalper year

Future & Active Pilot Advisors Job Fair

Cities rotate · fapa.aero for the next one
Atlas AirHawaiianAllegiantAveloBreeze
Dates and tickets ↗
Dates and attending airlines are subject to change — always verify on the host organization's website before booking travel. Premium members receive automatic email alerts when airlines they've flagged confirm attendance.
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Each track is led by a current pilot from that carrier. Tap an airline to start.

Source: Organization details and membership figures from each organization's own site, as of September 27, 2026 (ALPA: more than 80,000 pilots at 42 airlines; IPA: more than 3,400; PPOT: 3,000+ active members). Event dates change every year: confirm on the organization's page before you book travel.

Plain English, no insider lingo required
FAA requirement

The aviation acronym dictionary.

Aviation is full of three-letter abbreviations that pilots forget aren't obvious to everyone else. Bookmark this page. Search for any term you don't recognize. We'll keep adding to it.

Why this page exists

If you've ever felt lost reading aviation content because of the alphabet soup — this is for you.

Most aviation websites assume you already know what ATP, PPL, IFR, ACS, and a hundred other acronyms mean. We don't. Search by acronym or by topic. The full meaning, what it does, and why it matters — all in one place.

Certificates & Ratings 14 terms

PPL
Private Pilot Certificate

Everyone says "license," but the FAA issues certificates. The foundational certificate, required for any aviation career: fly for pleasure and carry passengers, not for pay. Minimum 40 hours under Part 61 (61.109), 35 under Part 141; the national average is 60–75.

IR
Instrument Rating

An added rating that allows you to fly in clouds and low-visibility conditions by reference to instruments alone. Required for every airline pilot.

CPL
Commercial Pilot Certificate

The certificate that allows you to be paid for flying. Required before working as a CFI, charter pilot, airline pilot, or any paid flying job. Minimum 250 hours under Part 61 (61.129).

ME
Multi-Engine Rating

A class rating allowing you to fly aircraft with two or more engines. Required for airline pilots since all airliners are multi-engine.

CFI
Certified Flight Instructor

The certificate allowing you to teach pilots. The standard time-building job between Commercial certification and airline minimums.

CFII
Certified Flight Instructor — Instrument

An add-on rating to the CFI that allows you to teach the instrument rating. Most CFIs add this within their first year.

MEI
Multi-Engine Instructor

An add-on rating allowing you to teach in multi-engine aircraft. Higher-paid than basic CFI work, builds valuable multi-engine PIC time.

ATP
Airline Transport Pilot

The FAA's highest pilot certificate. Required for every Part 121 airline pilot, captain and first officer alike, since 2013 (14 CFR 121.436). Standard requires 1,500 hours total time (61.159) and age 23 (61.153); the restricted ATP (61.160) is 750, 1,000 or 1,250 hours at age 21. A first-class medical is required to exercise ATP privileges as an air-carrier pilot in command, though a third-class is enough to take the test.

R-ATP
Restricted Airline Transport Pilot

A reduced-hour ATP for military pilots (750 hrs), graduates of an FAA-authorized aviation bachelor's program with at least 60 qualifying credit hours (1,000 hrs; 1,250 with 30–59 credits), or associate degree holders (1,250 hrs). Allows airline First Officer work but not Captain.

ATP-CTP
ATP Certification Training Program

A required course before the ATP knowledge test: 30 hours of academics plus 10 hours of simulator (6 in a full flight simulator, 4 in a flight training device), 14 CFR 61.156. About $4,000–6,000, and often paid for by the hiring airline.

PIC
Pilot in Command

The pilot legally responsible for the operation and safety of the flight. Time logged as PIC counts toward higher certificates and ratings.

SIC
Second in Command

The First Officer or co-pilot. Logs SIC time, which counts toward some but not all certificates.

PPL-H
Private Pilot — Helicopter

The rotorcraft equivalent of the PPL. Allows helicopter flying for personal use.

CPL-H
Commercial Pilot — Helicopter

The helicopter version of the commercial certificate. Required for paid helicopter flying jobs like EMS, offshore, or tour operations.

Regulations & Documents 12 terms

FAA
Federal Aviation Administration

The U.S. government agency that regulates civil aviation. Issues pilot certificates, certifies aircraft, and oversees air traffic.

FAR
Federal Aviation Regulations

The rules governing all aviation in the United States. Found in 14 CFR (Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations).

14 CFR
Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations

The official codified location of the Federal Aviation Regulations. References like "14 CFR 61.105" mean Title 14, Part 61, Section 105.

ACS
Airman Certification Standards

The FAA's official testing standard for each pilot certificate. Lists every knowledge area, skill, and risk management item you'll be tested on.

PHAK
Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

FAA-H-8083-25. The core knowledge text for student pilots. Free PDF download from faa.gov.

AFH
Airplane Flying Handbook

FAA-H-8083-3. The standard text for flight maneuvers and procedures. Free PDF from faa.gov.

IFH
Instrument Flying Handbook

FAA-H-8083-15. The core text for instrument rating training. Free PDF from faa.gov.

AIM
Aeronautical Information Manual

The official guide to U.S. airspace, ATC procedures, and operating rules. Updated regularly. Free from faa.gov.

AC
Advisory Circular

Non-regulatory FAA guidance documents covering specific topics. Examples: AC 61-65 (pilot certification and endorsements), AC 90-66 (non-towered airport operations).

POH
Pilot's Operating Handbook

The aircraft-specific manual containing performance data, V-speeds, limitations, and emergency procedures. For most training airplanes it contains the FAA-approved Airplane Flight Manual as its approved sections.

AFM
Airplane Flight Manual

The FAA-approved flight manual for a specific aircraft. The POH contains it; the AFM sections (limitations, emergency procedures, performance) are the approved ones, and the airplane must carry them.

DPE
Designated Pilot Examiner

An FAA-authorized examiner who conducts practical tests (checkrides). Independent contractors paid directly by applicants.

Flight Operations 16 terms

VFR
Visual Flight Rules

Flying primarily by looking outside the aircraft. Requires good weather (visibility and cloud clearance minimums).

IFR
Instrument Flight Rules

Flying primarily by reference to instruments. Required in clouds or low visibility. Requires an instrument rating.

IMC
Instrument Meteorological Conditions

Weather conditions where flying by visual reference outside is not possible. Clouds, fog, low visibility.

VMC
Visual Meteorological Conditions

Weather good enough to fly visually. Also: minimum control speed (different meaning) in multi-engine aircraft.

ATC
Air Traffic Control

The system of controllers who manage aircraft separation, routing, and clearances in controlled airspace.

ILS
Instrument Landing System

A ground-based precision approach that uses radio signals for both course and glidepath guidance to landing in low visibility. The most common precision approach.

RNAV
Area Navigation

Navigation that lets an aircraft fly any desired course within the coverage of its navigation sources, not just between ground stations. GPS is the usual source today, but RNAV is not GPS-specific: earlier systems used VOR/DME and inertial references.

GPS
Global Positioning System

Satellite-based navigation. Standard in all modern aircraft. Foundation of RNAV and most modern approach procedures.

VOR
VHF Omnidirectional Range

Ground-based radio navigation aid. Older but still widely used, often as a backup to GPS.

XC
Cross-Country

Any flight that includes a landing at an airport more than 50 nautical miles from the departure airport. XC time is required for higher certificates.

MTOW
Maximum Takeoff Weight

The certified maximum weight at which an aircraft can begin takeoff. Exceeding it is illegal and dangerous.

CG
Center of Gravity

The balance point of the aircraft. Must remain within published limits for safe flight. Calculated during weight and balance.

W&B
Weight and Balance

The calculation of total aircraft weight and CG position before flight. The rule is to operate within the limits in the POH; working the numbers before every flight is how you know you are, and it is tested on every checkride.

TAFB
Time Away From Base

Total time a pilot is away from their crew base on a trip. Used to calculate per diem pay.

PDC
Pre-Departure Clearance

An IFR clearance issued digitally via datalink instead of by voice. Common at major hubs.

CRAFT
Cleared to / Route / Altitude / Frequency / Transponder

A shorthand memory aid for the parts of an IFR clearance. You'll learn this once you start instrument training — it's not needed for basic radio work or VFR flying.

Organizations & Programs 10 terms

NTSB
National Transportation Safety Board

Independent U.S. agency that investigates transportation accidents and issues safety recommendations.

ALPA
Air Line Pilots Association

The largest pilot union in the world. Represents more than 80,000 pilots at 42 U.S. and Canadian airlines (ALPA, September 2026).

APA
Allied Pilots Association

The independent union representing American Airlines pilots (not affiliated with ALPA).

SWAPA
Southwest Airlines Pilots Association

The independent union representing Southwest Airlines pilots.

AOPA
Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association

The largest general aviation membership organization. Advocates for GA pilots and provides educational resources.

EAA
Experimental Aircraft Association

Advocacy and community organization for sport aviation, homebuilt aircraft, and recreational flying.

OBAP
Organization of Black Aerospace Professionals

Professional organization supporting Black pilots and aerospace professionals through scholarships and mentorship.

WAI
Women in Aviation International

Professional organization supporting women in all aviation careers. Hosts an annual conference and scholarship programs.

NBAA
National Business Aviation Association

Advocacy and education organization for business and corporate aviation.

RLA
Railway Labor Act

The 1926 federal law governing airline labor relations. Different from regular labor law — it's why pilot contracts work the way they do.

Airline & Career 14 terms

FO
First Officer

The co-pilot. Sits in the right seat. At a Part 121 airline, holds an ATP or restricted ATP (121.436); at smaller operators, a commercial certificate. Not yet the captain.

CA
Captain

The Pilot in Command. Sits in the left seat. Holds an ATP certificate. Final authority for the flight.

CASS
Cockpit Access Security System

The system that allows pilots from one airline to ride in jumpseat on another airline. Required for many commuting arrangements.

CBA
Collective Bargaining Agreement

The contract between an airline and its pilots' union. Defines pay, work rules, and conditions for the contract period.

QOL
Quality of Life

Industry shorthand for schedule, time off, commute, and lifestyle factors of a pilot job — often as important as pay.

LCC
Low-Cost Carrier

Airlines with a low-fare business model: Southwest, and JetBlue by some definitions.

ULCC
Ultra-Low-Cost Carrier

Airlines with even lower fares and more "unbundled" fees: Frontier, Allegiant, Avelo, Breeze.

Part 121
14 CFR Part 121

The FAA regulations governing scheduled airline operations. All major airlines operate under Part 121.

Part 135
14 CFR Part 135

The FAA regulations governing on-demand operations like charter flights, air taxi, and some cargo.

Part 61
14 CFR Part 61

The certification rules that apply to every pilot: what each certificate and rating requires. "Part 61 training" means training outside a certificated Part 141 school, at an FBO or with an independent instructor, on the Part 61 minimums (40 hours for the Private).

Part 141
14 CFR Part 141

The FAA regulations governing FAA-certificated pilot schools with approved syllabi. Allows reduced hour minimums.

B-fund
Defined Contribution Retirement Plan

Airline-style retirement plan where the company contributes a percentage of pay (often 15–18%) directly, no employee match required.

LOL
Loss of License insurance

Insurance that pays out if a pilot permanently loses their medical certificate. Critical career protection for airline pilots.

LOA
Letter of Agreement

A side agreement between an airline and its union covering a specific issue, supplementing the main CBA.

No matches found. Try a different search term, or email us to add it.

Source: Definitions follow the FAA's handbooks and 14 CFR Part 1 where a term is defined there; the rest are the industry's ordinary usage.